NMC (Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide) and LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate) are the two most popular lithium-ion battery chemistries at the moment.
Key things to note about NMC and LFP batteries:
Both NMC and LFP batteries are types of lithium-ion batteries.
Nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) batteries contain a cathode, made of a combination of nickel, manganese, and cobalt, and work great as a home solar storage option.
Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries have a lithium iron phosphate cathode that gives the batteries a longer lifespan and increased safety without sacrificing performance.
There are four main components of a lithium battery that you need to know about:
The electrolyte, which contains the lithium ions
The separator, allows lithium ions to flow through the battery while preventing the movement of electrons
The cathode, where lithium ions are stored until the battery is charged
The anode, where lithium ions are stored until the battery discharges
When the battery is being charged, the lithium ions flow through the electrolyte from the cathode to the anode. Then when the battery is being used, the ions flow from the anode, back to the cathode.
Each option has its strengths and weaknesses, and the “best” option depends on the specific requirements and use case. Here’s a comparison:
Energy Density: NMC batteries generally have a higher energy density than LFP batteries, which means they can store more energy per unit of volume or weight. This makes NMC batteries suitable for applications where space and weight are critical factors, like in electric vehicles (EVs) and portable electronic devices.
Safety: LFP batteries are considered safer than NMC batteries due to their more stable chemical structure. LFP has higher thermal stability and is less prone to thermal runaway and combustion. This safety advantage makes LFP batteries popular for stationary energy storage systems and applications where safety is of utmost importance.
Cycle Life: LFP batteries tend to have a longer cycle life compared to NMC batteries. They can endure a higher number of charge and discharge cycles before their capacity significantly degrades. This makes LFP batteries preferable for applications that require long-lasting and reliable energy storage, such as grid storage systems and certain industrial applications.
Cost: Historically, LFP batteries have been cheaper to produce than NMC batteries. However, the cost difference between the two chemistries has been decreasing as technology advances and economies of scale come into play. The relative cost may vary depending on factors like production volume and raw material prices.
Operating Temperature: NMC batteries typically have a wider operating temperature range compared to LFP batteries. NMC batteries can perform better in extreme temperatures, both hot and cold, which makes them suitable for use in a broader range of environments.
In summary, the choice between NMC and LFP batteries depends on the specific needs and priorities of the application. If high energy density and a wide operating temperature range are crucial, NMC batteries might be the better option. On the other hand, if safety and cycle life are top priorities, LFP batteries might be more appropriate. As technology continues to evolve, both chemistries are likely to improve further, blurring the distinctions between them. It’s always best to consider the specific requirements and consult with experts in the field before making a decision.
There is something magical about classic cars with modern technology under the skin, especially when the conversion is done right.
A Tesla Model 3 Long Range that had been taken off the road by an accident kindly donated its motor, rear subframe included, to the Ford van. Remember, the Model 3 LR comes with a single electric motor making 279 hp and 376 lb-ft of torque, with a fixed-ratio transmission.
The E100 also borrowed the Model 3 Long Range’s battery pack (75 kWh), the brakes, and even the wheels.
The build is handled by Idaho-based Conductive Classics, which hasn’t said anything about the acceleration, but keep in mind that the 4,000 lbs factory E100 is only 200 lbs heavier than the Model 3. And since the latter only needs 4.4s to hit 60 mph, this is one quick van.
Shift EV of Albany, Oregon breathes new life into this 1970 Rolls Royce Silver Shadow, stuffing the guts of a 2016 Tesla Model S Large Drive unit with complete 75 kWh battery enclosure into the frame of this classic.
The Tesla Model S battery pack fits surprisingly well in the bottom center of the car. All Model S and Model X battery packs have a pillow-shaped lump on top. We purchased a Tesla with the 75kWh battery pack, knowing the lump was not populated with batteries, making it an easy modification to remove for clearance. Also visible, is the Tesla electric power steering rack.
Front End and Battery Assembly
Rear End with Tesla Model S Subframe
The Tesla Large Drive Unit (LDU) is visible from ground level. This assembly replaced the stock Independent Rear Suspension, differential housing, and cross member.
The Plymouth, which is nicknamed Electrolite, is powered by the guts ripped from a Tesla Model S. The sedan’s rear-drive unit and subframe were yanked to act as the heart of the restomod, and a 100kWh Tesla battery pack was purchased from a Tesla parts supplier to power the large electric motor.
It also gets a pretty decent range for a resto modded classic. When not run down the track like a maniac, the 100kWh pack and rear drive unit provide an alleged 250 miles of real-world driving range.
Weight
From the factory, the Satellite weighed around 3,400 pounds. In its new battery-powered configuration, the car clocked in at a whopping 4,358. That might seem like a lot, but keep in mind that it’s still 600 pounds lighter than a stock Tesla Model S. We often think of old muscle cars as being boat anchors, but new cars (especially electric ones) are very heavy.
Suspension
Even the suspension on the car is tweaked to modernize the platform. In the rear of the Plymouth sits an exotic-like pushrod suspension, which was actually done out of necessity rather than as a performance modification. According to Erickson, the Telsa Model S subframe that was used to mount the rear-drive unit left no room for springs under the car, so he used cardboard and screwdrivers to template out what a pushrod suspension setup might look like and then turned it into a reality.
The charging speed of an electric vehicle (EV) can be influenced by several factors. Here are six things that can affect the charging speed of your EV:
The type and capacity of the charging infrastructure you use will significantly impact the charging speed. EVs can be charged using different levels of chargers, such as Level 1 (120V), Level 2 (240V), and DC fast chargers. Level 1 chargers provide the slowest charging speeds, while Level 2 and DC fast chargers offer higher charging rates.
How full your battery is when you start charging is called “State of Charge“
Your State of Charge(SoC) describes how full your battery is, in terms of percentage. Think of it like a fuel gauge. Batteries charge fastest when they are nearly empty.
The charging rate of an electric vehicle (EV) can vary depending on the state of charge (SoC) of its battery. Generally, the charging rate is highest when the battery is at a low SoC and gradually decreases as it reaches a higher SoC. This behavior is often referred to as the charging curve or charging taper.
Here’s a breakdown of how the charging rate can change based on the state of charge:
Low-SoC (0-20%): When the battery is at a low SoC, the charging rate is typically at its maximum. EVs can charge at their highest power levels during this phase, allowing for rapid charging speeds. It’s not uncommon to see charging rates of several hundred kilowatts during this stage.
Mid-SoC (20-80%): As the battery SoC increases, the charging rate tends to taper off. The charging power gradually decreases to protect the battery’s health and ensure its longevity. This tapering is often observed to maintain temperature control, prevent overheating, and avoid excessive wear on the battery. However, charging rates during this phase can still be quite high, typically ranging from tens to a few hundred kilowatts.
High-SoC (80-100%): When the battery approaches a high SoC, the charging rate slows down significantly. This is to prevent overcharging, which can strain the battery and potentially cause damage. The charging power is reduced further, and the charging rate becomes much slower compared to the earlier stages. In some cases, the charging rate may drop to a few kilowatts or even lower.
Charging Power and Vehicle’s Onboard Charger
The charging power your EV can accept and the capacity of its onboard charger play a crucial role in determining the charging speed. Higher power charging stations require compatible vehicles with higher onboard charger capacities to take advantage of faster charging rates. The charging power is typically measured in kilowatts (kW).
Temperature
The ambient temperature and battery temperature impact the charging speed. Extreme cold or hot temperatures can reduce the efficiency of the charging process and slow down the charging speed. Some EVs have battery temperature management systems to optimize charging speed and protect the battery from temperature-related issues.
The reason has to do with protecting your battery’s health. Your EV has something called a Battery Management System (BMS) to keep an eye on your battery’s safety. It’s sort of like your battery’s brain. Your EV’s BMS doesn’t want the battery to get too hot or start charging too fast when it is too cold because extreme temperatures can impact a battery’s lifespan.
Most EVs also have what is known as a thermal management system, which can heat or cool the battery to keep it at optimum temperature. Still, EV batteries are influenced by the outside weather. If it’s a really hot day outside (or if you’ve been charging for a while, and your battery is getting hotter), your charging speeds will be slower. If it’s freezing cold outside, your charging speeds will also be slower. These speeds are decided by your BMS, which controls the thermal management system for a fast but safe charge.
Battery Age and Degradation
As an EV’s battery ages, its charging speed may be affected. Battery degradation over time can reduce the battery’s capacity and its ability to accept a charge at the same speed as when it was new. Although it takes time, batteries can deteriorate and lose their charging capacity over their lifespan. Because every EV is different, the normal loss of your battery’s capacity should be defined in your vehicle’s warranty. As a general rule of thumb, when fast charging, it’s a good idea to end the charge around 80-85% SoC. This will keep your battery from getting too hot—and give you more free time (since charging speeds will be much slower as your battery is close to full).
Other loads in use while charging
If you stay in your car during fast charging, be aware that some of the energy destined for your battery is diverted for loads such as cabin air conditioning or heating, lights, radio, and other accessories. The thermal management system also uses some of the charging power to heat or cool the battery. This is why sometimes the kW display on the charger may be a few percent more than that of what your in-dash displays indicate.
In Conclusion
It’s important to note that the charging rates mentioned above are approximate and can vary depending on the specific EV model, battery chemistry, and charging infrastructure being used. Additionally, some EVs may exhibit different charging profiles or have additional charging optimizations based on their battery management systems.
The Ford Transit was created as a joint effort between Germany and Britain’s branches of the Ford Motor Company. Originally named Project Redcap. This van became not just Europe’s first-ever developed by these two companies but also it’s most influential for years to come. With its design being seen all over the world in many different countries through use by various militaries or simply everyday people who want efficient means of transportation around town!
The Transit “SuperVan” was introduced at the Brands Hatch Circuit racetrack in 1972. Based on one of Ford’s record-setting race cars, this newly designed van had a 5-liter V8 engine and could reach 150 mph with ease! This icon would go through several revisions throughout the decades – released as SuperVans 2 (1984) or 3(1994).
The SuperVan 4 harnesses the capabilities of a mid-mounted 50.0-kWh liquid-cooled battery. Located where previous SuperVans’ ICEs were.To power four electric motors that promise to deliver 1973 horses and a zero-to-62-mph time of under two seconds via an all-wheel-drive system
Volkswagen’s electric version of its iconic microbus, the VW ID. Buzz has just gotten even more adventure-friendly. Custom German auto tuner ABT revealed today it has developed solar modules to fit on the roof of the ID. Buzz.
The solar panels, mounted on the vehicle’s roof, can send up to 600 watts to the electric vans battery pack while driving or parked, with plans to expand output to over 1,000 W. Power from the solar roof panels can deliver an extra roughly 1,864 miles (3,000 km) range each year or deliver off-grid energy.
What will 600 watts of Solar Charge?
Assuming you have 600 watts of solar panels that are operating at their peak efficiency, and you are able to generate a full 600 watts of power for an average of 5 hours per day (assuming 5 hours of direct sunlight), you could generate a total of 3,000 watt-hours (Wh) of energy per day.
The amount of energy this could charge on a camping trip would depend on the devices you are trying to charge. For example, a smartphone typically requires between 1,500-3,000 mAh (milliampere-hours) to fully charge, which translates to about 5-10 Wh. So, in theory, 600 watts of solar power could fully charge between 300 and 600 smartphones per day.
If you are looking to charge larger devices such as a laptop or portable refrigerator, the amount of energy required to fully charge these devices would be much higher. For example, a typical laptop battery has a capacity of around 50 Wh, while a portable refrigerator can consume between 20-60 Wh per hour of use, depending on its size and efficiency.
German auto tuner ABT announced in a press release on Thursday that its ABT E-Line has developed solar panels to fit on the top of the roof of the VW ID. Buzz.
Could you charge your battery if you run out of Charge? Maybe
The MPGe of an electric vehicle can vary widely depending on the vehicle’s specifications, but as of 2023, most electric vehicles on the market can achieve anywhere from 3 to 5 miles per kWh of charge. For example, if you were receiving full sun on your panels at a maximum of 600 watts per hour you could possibly add 1000 watts in 2 hours to gain your 3-5 miles of charge to propel you to safety. Considering you are only 3-5 miles from home or a charge station. At this point you might as well have it towed. However, these figures are subject to change as technology advances and new models are introduced.
In addition to charging the vehicle’s battery, energy from the solar panels can be used to power other electronics like a refrigerator or interior lightning. ABT says it will begin series production of the new ID. Buzz solar roof at the beginning of 2024 with Volkswagen Group Service carrying out the conversion close to the factory.
There are many great plug-in hybrid vehicles available in the market, and the best one for you will depend on your specific needs and preferences. However, here are some of the top plug-in hybrids based on various factors:
Best overall: Toyota Prius Prime
Best luxury plug-in hybrid: BMW 330e
Best plug-in hybrid SUV: Ford Escape Plug-In Hybrid
Best plug-in hybrid with the longest electric range: Hyundai Ioniq Plug-In Hybrid
Best plug-in hybrid with AWD: Subaru Crosstrek Hybrid
Other notable plug-in hybrids include the Chevrolet Volt, Kia Niro Plug-In Hybrid, Mitsubishi Outlander Plug-In Hybrid, and the Volvo XC60 T8.
It’s important to do your research and consider factors such as driving range, charging options, performance, and price when choosing a plug-in hybrid that’s right for you.
Range from Solar – Range you need – Battery size
Here are some of the best plug-in hybrids and their electric-only range:
Toyota Prius Prime: 25 miles
Hyundai Ioniq Plug-In Hybrid: 29 miles
Ford Escape Plug-In Hybrid: 37 miles
BMW 330e: 22 miles
Volvo XC60 T8: 18 miles
Mitsubishi Outlander Plug-In Hybrid: 24 miles
Kia Niro Plug-In Hybrid: 26 miles
Subaru Crosstrek Hybrid: 17 miles
It’s worth noting that the range can vary depending on factors such as driving style, weather, and terrain. However, these plug-in hybrids offer a good balance between the electric-only range and the traditional gasoline engine range, making them a great choice for those who want to reduce their fuel consumption and emissions while still having the flexibility of a gasoline engine.
Equipment needed for the RV or Travel Trailer – Minimum requirements for your vehicle
To charge an electric vehicle using solar power, you will need the following solar equipment:
Inverter: An inverter is necessary to convert the direct current (DC) power generated by the solar panels into alternating current (AC) power that can be used to charge your EV.
Charge Controller: A charge controller regulates the amount of electricity that flows from the solar panels to the EV battery, preventing overcharging and extending the life of the battery.
Battery Bank: A battery bank stores the excess solar power generated during the day for use during the night or when there is not enough sunlight available to charge the EV.
Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE): An EVSE is a device that connects your EV to the solar charging system. It regulates the flow of electricity and ensures safe and efficient charging.
It’s important to note that installing a solar charging system for an EV requires professional installation and may require permits and approvals from local authorities. Additionally, the cost of installing a solar charging system can vary widely depending on the size of the system, the type of equipment used, and the complexity of the installation.
Level 1 Charging – 120v ( about 5 miles per hour charged) at 12 amps(1440 watt hour)
Level 1 EV charging refers to the simplest and slowest method of charging an electric vehicle. It involves using a standard 120-volt electrical outlet, which is commonly found in homes and businesses. Level 1 charging equipment comes standard with most electric vehicles, and it typically includes a charging cord with a standard 120-volt plug on one end and a connector that plugs into the vehicle’s charging port on the other end.
Level 1 charging is slow because it can provide a maximum charging rate of only 1.4 kW. This means that it can take several hours or even overnight to fully charge an electric vehicle’s battery, depending on the battery size and the starting state of charge. For example, charging a typical electric vehicle with a 60 kWh battery from empty to full using Level 1 charging could take up to 44 hours.
Despite its slow charging rate, Level 1 charging can be convenient for many EV owners because it can be done using a standard household outlet, which is widely available. Level 1 charging is also the least expensive option for EV charging, as it does not require any special charging equipment or installation.
However, Level 1 charging may not be practical for all EV owners, especially those who need to charge their vehicles quickly or who have larger battery capacities that require more charging time. In those cases, Level 2 or DC fast charging may be more suitable.
The Revolt Crate Motor, built by Revolt Systems, combines the best of modern electric vehicle technology with the simplicity of a bolt-in crate engine. The reVolt CR-43 is designed to mount to factory LS mounts in the engine bay of your existing car. It will connect directly to your drive shaft to provide instantaneous torque of the electric motor straight to the rear end of your favorite classic car.
Motor Specifications:
Rated Power: 350-450 kW
Torque: 800+ [lb-ft] at the yoke
RPM: 8000 max at the yoke
Current: 1000 Amps
Weight: 300 Lbs
Input Voltage: 275-400 Volts
Length: 43″ Inches
Width: 13.5″
Height: 15”
CR-43 Kit Includes
Drivetrain Components (Fully assembled and tested)
Tesla Model S motor core fully refurbished includes new seals and bearings (sport or standard)
Revolt System full motor assembly, includes motor mounts and coolant fittings
Torque Trends 1.9:1 reduction box
Inverter (sport or standard)
High-voltage input ready for 400-volt DC
Output yoke (driveline ready)
Electronics Package
MCU (Motor Control Unit) by EV-Controls
Illuminated drive selection switches: drive, neutral, and reverse
Throttle pedal with dual sensors
Full motor wiring harness (Does not include vehicle-specific 12v systems)
Choosing the right home EV charger for your Electric Vehicle Swap can be a bit overwhelming since there are many factors to consider. Here are some things to keep in mind when making your decision.
Compatibility
To determine what home EV charger will work with your car, you’ll need to consider the following factors:
Connector type: Check the manufacturer’s specifications for the type of connector your car uses. There are two main types of connectors: the J1772 connector, which is used by most electric cars in North America, and the CCS connector, which is used by some newer models.
Charging rate: Determine the charging rate that your car can handle. This information can be found in the car’s manual or online specifications. Some cars can handle Level 1 charging, which uses a standard 120-volt outlet, while others require Level 2 charging, which uses a 240-volt outlet.
Charging time: Calculate how long it will take to fully charge your car based on the charging rate and the battery capacity of your car. This will help you determine if you need a faster or slower charging option.
Power output: Check the power output of the charger to ensure it can meet the charging requirements of your car. Chargers typically range from 3.3 kW to 11 kW or more.
Compatibility with other features: Some electric cars may have additional features such as smart charging, which allows you to control and monitor charging from your smartphone, or bi-directional charging, which allows your car to store excess energy and discharge it back into your home. Check to make sure that the charger you choose is compatible with any additional features your car may have.
Once you have considered these factors. You can narrow down your options to find a home EV charger that is compatible with your car. It’s also a good idea to consult with an electrician or a charging station installer to ensure that the charger you choose can be safely installed in your home.
Charging Speed
To determine what charging speed you need while purchasing a home EV charger, consider the following factors:
Your Driving Habits: If you have a short commute and don’t drive long distances very often, a slower charging speed may be sufficient. However, if you have a long commute or frequently take road trips, you may want a faster charging speed to ensure that your car is fully charged when you need it.
Battery Size: The larger the battery in your EV, the longer it will take to charge. Consider the battery size of your car and how long it will take to fully charge with different charging speeds.
Available Charging Time: Think about how long you have to charge your car at home. If you have a long overnight charging period, a slower charging speed may be sufficient. However, if you have limited time to charge, you may need a faster charging speed to ensure that your car is fully charged when you need it.
Cost: Faster charging speeds generally come with a higher price tag. Consider your budget and determine how much you are willing to spend on a home EV charger.
Future-proofing: Consider the future and any plans you may have to upgrade to a car with a larger battery or faster charging capabilities. Choosing a charger with a higher charging speed may be a better investment in the long run.
In general, a 240-volt Level 2 charger is sufficient for most EV owners, as it can fully charge an EV in about 4-6 hours. However, if you have a larger battery or need faster charging, you may want to consider a charger with a higher charging speed. Ultimately, the charging speed you need will depend on your specific needs and circumstances.
Installation
Installing a home EV charger can be a great investment if you own an electric vehicle. Here are some steps to help you install a home EV charger:
Check your home’s electrical capacity: The first step is to check if your home’s electrical capacity can support a home EV charger. You may need to consult an electrician to ensure that your home’s electrical panel has enough capacity to support the additional electrical load.
Choose the right charger: Once you have determined that your home’s electrical panel can support an EV charger, the next step is to choose the right charger for your vehicle. You should consider factors such as the charging speed, the cost of the charger, and the features offered by different models.
Hire a licensed electrician: It is important to hire a licensed electrician to install the EV charger. The electrician will ensure that the charger is installed correctly and safely, and that it meets local electrical codes and regulations.
Choose a location for the charger: You will need to choose a location for the charger that is convenient and accessible for your vehicle. The location should also allow for proper ventilation and drainage.
Install the charger: The electrician will install the charger according to the manufacturer’s instructions and local electrical codes. They will also ensure that the charger is properly grounded and that the wiring is correctly connected.
Test the charger: Once the charger is installed, the electrician will test it to ensure that it is functioning correctly and safely.
By following these steps. You can install a home EV charger that will allow you to conveniently and safely charge your electric vehicle at home.
Cost
The cost of purchasing and installing a home EV charger can vary depending on several factors. Such as the type of charger, the location of the installation, and the complexity of the installation process. Here are some of the costs to consider:
Charger cost: The cost of the charger itself can range from a few hundred to several thousand dollars depending on the features, charging speed, and brand.
Installation cost: The installation cost can vary depending on the location of the installation and the complexity of the installation process. If your home has existing wiring and a dedicated circuit for the charger, the installation cost may be relatively low. However, if additional wiring or a new circuit is needed, the installation cost can be higher.
Permit fees: Some cities or counties may require a permit to install an EV charger, which can come with additional fees.
Electrical upgrades: If your home’s electrical panel is outdated or does not have enough capacity to support the charger, electrical upgrades may be required, which can increase the installation cost.
Rebates and incentives: Some states and utility companies offer rebates or incentives to encourage the installation of home EV chargers. Which can help offset the purchase and installation costs.
Overall, the total cost of purchasing and installing a home EV charger can range from a few hundred to several thousand dollars. Depending on the factors mentioned above. It’s important to research the costs associated with your specific situation and budget accordingly.
Brand and Warranty
There are several reputable brands and warranties for home EV chargers, each offering different features and benefits. Some of the best brands and warranties for home EV chargers are:
Tesla: Tesla offers a variety of home EV chargers, including the Tesla Wall Connector, which has a 4-year limited warranty.
ChargePoint: ChargePoint offers home EV chargers with a 3-year warranty and 24/7 customer support.
Bosch: Bosch offers the Power Max 2 charger with a 3-year warranty and a durable metal case.
Siemens: Siemens offers the VersiCharge home EV charger with a 3-year warranty and a compact design.
AeroVironment: AeroVironment offers the EVSE-RS charger with a 3-year warranty and a ruggedized, weather-resistant design.
ClipperCreek: ClipperCreek offers the HCS-40P home EV charger with a 3-year warranty and a variety of power options.
Ultimately, the best brand and warranty for your home EV charger will depend on your specific needs and preferences. It’s important to do your research and choose a reputable brand with a warranty that fits your needs.
Additional Features
Look for additional features like Wi-Fi connectivity, mobile apps, and automatic scheduling to make charging more convenient.
FAQ
How Many amps does your home panel need to install an EV Charger?
The National Electrical Code requires an electrical circuit to be rated for 25% greater amperage than your charger’s output. For example, if you want to buy a 40-amp Level 2 charger, you’ll need a circuit breaker that’s rated for at least 50 amps
Do I need 200-amp service for EV charger?
This amperage is insufficient to run your appliances and handle the car charger, so upgrading to a 200-amp service would be recommended. If you have a 100 amp service and an electrician determines your panel is at capacity, a service panel upgrade to 200 amps would be recommended
Can I install a Tesla charger on a 100 amp panel?
No problem! Previously, homes with a 100-amp electrical panel would almost always require a service upgrade before an electrician could install any Level 2 EV charging station.
Summary
Choosing the right home EV charger involves considering factors such as compatibility, charging speed, installation, and cost. To ensure that the charger you choose works with your electric vehicle. You need to consider connector type, charging rate, charging time, power output, and compatibility with other features. When determining charging speed, think about your driving habits, battery size, available charging time, cost, and future-proofing. Installing a home EV charger involves checking your home’s electrical capacity. Choosing the right charger, hiring a licensed electrician, choosing a location for the charger, installing the charger, and testing it. Finally, the cost of a home EV charger includes the cost of the charger itself, installation, and ongoing electricity costs. By considering these factors. You can choose and install a home EV charger that meets your needs and allows you to conveniently and safely charge your electric vehicle at home.
